Natural England: Who Are They And What Do They Do?

Natural England are an important organisation who help to manage and regulate the rural tourism industry in the UK. Learn more about what they do and who they are in this article…

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Who are Natural England?

Natural England is an Executive Non-Departmental Public Body. So although they are an independent organisation, they do have to report their activities and findings back to a part of the government known as DEFRA (the Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs).

Formed in 2006, Natural England has their headquarters in York. They were created by the amalgamation of three former public bodies: Countryside Agency, Rural Development Service, and English Nature. Natural England has an annual budget of around £200million.

What do Natural England do?

Their purpose is to ‘protect and improve England’s natural environment and encourage people to enjoy and get involved in their surroundings’. Natural England cover the whole of the country and work with people such as farmers, scientists, researchers town and country planners, and the general public on a range of initiatives. They aim to create a better natural environment covering all of our urban, country and coastal landscapes – as well as all of the animals, plants and other organisms that alongside us.

Natural England is the government’s advisor on the natural environment. Their advice, grounded in sciences, shows how best to safeguard England’s natural areas so that everybody can benefit from them now and in the future. The work they do helps to ensure that the land and sea are used sustainably in order for people, and the nature itself, to thrive. Natural England want to see nature continue to adapt so that future generations are able to enjoy it too.

What are their responsibilities?

Natural England does a lot for the country and they greatly help to maintain England’s beauty. Their responsibilities and projects can be found below…

Promoting nature conservation and protecting biodiversity
Conserving and enhancing the landscape
Securing the provision and improvement of facilities for the study, understanding and enjoyment of the natural environment
Promoting access to the countryside and open spaces and encouraging open-air recreation
Contributing in other ways to social and economic well-being through management of the natural environment, eg changes to wildlife licensing to improve flexibility for developers

What else does Natural England do?

Natural England is involved in managing England’s green farming schemes. This includes paying nearly £400million per year to maintain two-third’s of agricultural land under agri-environment agreements through grant money and more. They are passionate about reducing the decline of biodiversity, too.

Their involvement in the licensing of protected species across England is incredibly important. It takes many forms, and includes the following:

Giving permission to undertake various activities that are deemed necessary in order to protect public health and safety.
Protecting our food supply (for example, allowing to control birds that eat crops).
Allowing for building developments that impact on protected wildlife (such as HS2).
General conservation purposes, such as predator control.

Natural England is passionate about increasing opportunities for everyone to enjoy the wonders of the natural world. As set out in the Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 they exist so “that the natural environment is conserved, enhanced and managed for the benefit of present and future generations, thereby contributing to sustainable development”. Whenever you get to explore some of England’s natural beauty – from the hills of the Lake District to coasts of Cornwall – it is likely that Natural England have had some hand in protecting and conserving it for your enjoyment.

Natural England is involved in so much of ‘the outdoors’ across the country. They look after national parks and Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty; manage Natural Nature Reserves and Sites of Special Scientific Interest; launch initiatives such as the Mosaic Approach and Outdoors for All, in order to ensure that current and future generations can access and enjoy England’s beautiful outdoor spaces.

National Parks and Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty

England has had national parks for a long time – the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act of 1949 was a turning point. Natural England works alongside other authorities to protect and conserve these 10 parks, as well as the 34 Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONBs).

These national parks and AONBs present a huge opportunity in terms of nature recovery. Accounting for around a quarter of England’s land area, they are incredible important in terms of the protection of England’s and natural – and cultural – capital.

The 10 National Parks in England

Broads
Dartmoor
Exmoor
Lake District
New Forest
Northumberland
North York Moors
Peak District
South Downs
Yorkshire Dales

The 34 AONBs in England

Arnside & Silverdale
Blackdown Hills
Cannock Chase
Chichester Harbour
Chilterns
Cornwall
Cotswolds
Cranborne Chase
Dedham Vale
Dorset
East Devon
Forest of Bowland
High Weald
Howardian Hills
Isle of Wight
Isles of Scilly
Kent Downs
Lincolnshire Wolds
Malvern Hills
Mendip Hills
Nidderdale
North Devon
Norfolk Coast
North Pennines
North Wessex Downs
Northumberland Coast
Quantock Hills
Shropshire Hills
Solway Coast
South Devon
Suffolk Coast and Heaths
Surrey Hills
Tamar Valley
Wye Valley

National Nature Reserves and Sites of Special Scientific Interest

Natural England is also involved with National Nature Reserves (NNRs) and Sites of Special Scientific Interest. They manage most of the NNRs, with the remaining being managed by approved bodies such as the National Trust. The NNRs managed by Natural England are free to visit, and most are easily accessible with paths and car parks. They are areas which have been designated as key places across the country in terms of wildlife and natural features. England has over 250 NNRs, with 35 selected as ‘spotlight reserves’. Some of these include Kingley Vale NNR in West Sussex, Old Winchester Hill NNR in Hampshire and Ainsdale Sand Dunes NNR in Merseyside.

Sites of Special Scientific Interest are protected areas throughout the UK. There biological SSSIs as well as geological SSSIs. For biological SSSIs, Natural England work continue the natural and artificial processes that have resulted in the development and survival of the area – chalking grassland, for example, or grazing heathland. Geological SSSIs are selected based on various ‘topics’ within geological academic literature – there is one site for each ‘topic’. Natural England maintain and protect these sites., generally so they can be used for future study.

What is the Mosaic Approach?

The Mosaic Approach is a way of integrating the requirements of species into general habitat management. This ensures that plants and wildlife always have access to the places they need to live and reproduce. Most species require a various different elements within one site, or within a wider space, in order to complete their life cycle. Many of these (small patches of bare ground, tall flower-rich vegetation, or scattered trees) are often absent from English outdoor spaces. They are even absent from some of our most important wildlife sites – this has contributed to a serious declines in various species, meaning some are now close to extinction.

Presented by Natural England, The Mosaic Approach allows for these elements to be introduced into various landscapes to allow these species to thrive. As biodiversity is so important, this integrated and large-scale approach is an incredible way of ensuring that conservation targets can be met. It complements the pre-existing series-specific approach to conserving and protecting biodiversity.

Natural England will strive to increase structural diversity and ensure that species, and their habitats, are more resilient to climate and other environmental changes.

What is Outdoors for All?

In 2008, Natural England launched Outdoors for All. A 2005 report entitled ‘Diversity Review’ showed that for some, access to the outdoors and our natural environment was somewhat lacking. Whether that was for recreation and fun, or for studying and other purposes, there seemed to be certain demographics that needed support when it came to accessing the outdoors.

They are:

Those with physical disabilities
Those with learning disabilities
Those living with mental health illness
Those from Asian and minority ethnic communities
Those living in deprived areas
Those who are young or elderly

Outdoors for All was Natural England’s response to this report. They also support other organisations in various projects aiming to get more of these under-represented groups to come to, and enjoy, natural areas

To do this, they bring together service providers and service users – allowing people to access activities they might not be able to access otherwise. Natural England has put time into researching the benefits of outdoor-access, as well as why barriers exist for certain groups. Outdoors for All has helped to improve exiting access and create new opportunities, allowed for partnerships to be built and secure funding to be put in place.

Nature is obviously of vast importance to the country and its communities. From scientific studies to family days out, the natural world has provided so much to so many people – and everybody deserves to have access to this. Outdoors for All is an initiative that supports this idea incredibly.

Natural England: To conclude

As you can see, Natural England is an important organisation in the UK. They play a very important role in the management and regulation of rural areas and the British rural tourism industry.